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Tuesday 4 March 2014

Superfood Supplements

 | Mar 03, 2014
Superfood Supplements
There are several types of supplements that are so beneficial, just about everyone should be taking them. And if you suffer one of a number of common illnesses and conditions, certain targeted supplements may also be well worth your time.
Superfood Supplements
The title “superfoods” can sound arrogant to some of you. I believe these fruits and herbs deserve this title because of their extremely high concentrations of healing properties. These properties have been extensively studied for decades and proven to reduce disease when provided in food.
Superfood supplementation goes far beyond the benefits of synthetic vitamins and minerals. My favorite superfood powder contains concentrated spirulina, chlorella, acai berries, gogi berries, maca root, mangosteen, amla fruit, noni fruit, sea buckthorn, ashwagandha root, alfalfa leaf, green papaya, cordyceps and bladderwrack. These and other fruit, vegetable and herbal concentrates (pure, dried organic foods) can be consumed daily in combination with nutrient-rich whole foods. The perfect example is to mix a heaping tablespoon of dried superfood mixture into a fresh fruit/vegetable smoothie or fresh juice.
Nutrient Supplements That Can Benefit Everyone
There are nutrient supplements that can improve the health state of virtually every person in America.
To summarize:
  • Digestive health: Digestive enzyme blend with food; probiotic blend once daily.
  • Phytonutrients (best from superfood powder concentrates as discussed above): Includes things like mixed carotenoids (beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lycopene, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin), polyphenols (resveratrol, flavonols) and others.
  • Omega 3 fatty acids (fish or fish oil): At 5,000 mg daily with EPA/DHA at a ratio of 3:2 can reduce endothelial inflammation. [1] [2]
  • Herbal teas: Green and black tea contain the phytonutrient epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). [3] [4]
  • Vitamin D3 (at 2,000 to 5,000 IU daily unless you get consistent sunlight): Blood levels need to be 60-80 ng/ml.

Nutrients That Significantly Reduce Chronic Illnesses And Their Costs
A recent report [5] by the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) states that “75 percent of total U.S. healthcare expenditures are spent on preventable diseases — but only three percent of total healthcare expenditures are invested in disease prevention programs.”
This report came from an extensive systematic review of the scientific literature performed by the consulting firm Frost & Sullivan. They looked for the nutrient supplements that directly reduce major common illnesses when taken in preventive doses by adults age 55 and older, along with the huge economic savings this would produce. [6]
Here is what they found:
  • Omega-3 oil: Would save nearly $4 billion from heart disease-attributed costs from 2013 to 2020 if taken by patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).
  • Vitamins B6, B12 and folate: Would prevent 808,225 CHD-related events from 2013 to 2020 if taken by patients with CHD.
  • Phytosterols: $4.23 billion per year would be saved in avoidable hospital costs if taken by patients with CHD.
  • Psyllium dietary fiber: $4.38 billion per year would be saved from 2013 to 2020 if taken by patients with CHD.
  • Chromium Picolinate: 649,944 coronary events from 2013 to 2020 would be avoided if taken by patients with diabetes and CHD.
  • Lutein and Zeaxanthin: $3.87 billion per year would be avoided in healthcare use costs if taken by those with cataracts and age-related macular degeneration.
  • Calcium and Vitamin D3: $12 billion would be saved in osteoporosis-related costs if taken by women with osteoporosis.
  • Magnesium: $6.8 billion from 2013 to 2020 would be saved in avoidable hospital use costs if taken by women with osteoporosis.
There are still other supplements that could lower the cardiovascular disease risk, including phytonutrients: polyphenolics, [7] [8] lycopene, [9] anthocyanins, [10] astaxanthins, [11]  beta-carotene, [12] bioflavonoids, [13] lutein[14] /zeaxanthin, [15] indoles, [16] chlorophyll [17] and phytosterols. [18]

Anti-Cancer Supplements
In addition to those already mentioned, these nutrient supplements help treat cancer:
  • Vitalzym or Wobenzyme: The types of eznymes used by Nicholas Gonzalez, M.D., in his clinic.
  • Yeast fighters (Yeast can be an underlying culprit to immune weakness): Olive leaf extract, whole leaf aloe vera extract, oil of oregano and grapefruit seed extract.
  • Parasite cleanses: Using black walnut, sweet wormwood (Artemisinin) and cloves.
  • Amino acids: L-lysine (3 grams/day), L-proline (1.5 grams/day), L-arginine (2 grams/day), often termed the Matthias Rath protocol.
  • Beta Glucan: A complex sugar from baker’s yeast, oat and barley fiber, and maitake mushrooms.
  • Topical blood root (Sanguinarine) juice: For skin cancer.
  • Essiac Tea: Burdock root, slippery elm bark, sheep sorrel, Indian rhubarb root.
  • Ellagic Acid: From various berries, walnuts, pecans and pomegranates.
  • Graviola and Paw Paw: See http://www.pawpawresearch.com/
  • Hydrazine Sulfate: See http://alternativecancer.us/hydrazinesulfate.htm.
  • Laetrile: See http://alternativecancer.us/laetrile.htm.
  • MGN-3: Rice bran enzymatically treated with sugars from shitake, kawaratake and surehrotake mushrooms (http://alternativecancer.us/mgn3.htm).
  • Modified Citrus Pectin: Binds cancer cells to help prevent spread.
  • OPC (Oligomeric Proanthocyanodins): From grape seed extracts.
  • Pau d’ Arco bark extract: See www.paudarco.com.

Nutrient Supplements For Alzheimer’s
The peer-reviewed scientific literature shows strong evidence that the some supplements are useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (more particularly for Alzheimer’s):
  • Polyphenolic herbs and extracts: Green tea (EGCG), [19] ginkgo biloba with ginseng, [20] blueberries (anthocyanins), [21] grape seeds (resveratrol), [22] curcumin, [23] marine algae (fucoxanthin), [24] [25] cat’s claw,[26] [27] [28] bilberry and black currant, [29] Vinpocetine. [30] [31]
  • Amino acids: Acetyl-l-carnitine, [32] [33] L-glutamine and L-tyrosine.
  • Phosphatidyl serine: [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] Useful along with phosphatidyl choline (lecithin), and omega-3 oil (inclusive of both DHA and EPA).
  • Vitamins: B1 (thiamine), [39] [40] vitamin D3, [41] [42] vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol with mixed tocopherols). [43]
  • Coenzyme Q10. [44] [45]
  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). [46] [47]
In addition, these supplements are useful for Parkinson’s disease:
  • Amino acids: Acetyl-l-carnitine daily, with R-alpha lipoic acid, [48] [49] tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine and N-acetyl-cysteine. [50]
  • Chelators DMSA [51] or EDTA: Used along with antioxidant supplements [52] if there is reason to suspect heavy metal toxicity from previous exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury or arsenic.
  • Melatonin: 1 mg one hour before bed five days per week.
  • Phytonutrient extracts: Ashwagandha leaf extract. [53] [54] [55]
  • Black tea (extract) and coffee[56] [57]
  • Phytonutrients: Rutin, [58] [59] resveratrol and mucuna pruriens.
  • Vitamins: C and E. [60]
As you can see, we have come a long ways since the days of single nutrient synthetic vitamins. This information should arm you with what you need to know about supplements to prevent and treat many diseases.
To feeling good,
Michael Cutler, M.D.
Easy Health Options

[1] Alexander JW. Immunonutrition: the role of omega-3 fatty acids. Nutrition. 1998 Jul-Aug;14(7-8):627-33.
[2] Sagara M, Njelekela M, Teramoto T, Taguchi T, Mori M, Armitage L, Birt N, Birt C, Yamori Y. Effects of docosahexaenoic Acid supplementation on blood pressure, heart rate, and serum lipids in Scottish men with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Int J Hypertens. 2011 Mar 8;2011:809198.
[3] Yang YC, et al.The protective effect of habitual tea consumption on hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Jul 26;164(14):1534-40.
[4] Chen ZY, Peng C, Jiao R, Wong YM, Yang N, Huang Y. Anti-hypertensive nutraceuticals and functional foods. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Jun 10;57(11):4485-99.
[5] Council for Responsible Nutrition at www.crnusa.org/CRNfoundation/HCCS. The summary report is found here: http://www.crnusa.org/CRNfoundation/HCCS/chapters/CRN-HCCS-brochure0913.pdf
[6] Frost & Sullivan investigated the scientific literature looking for a causal relationship between dietary supplement intake and the incidence of specific health conditions of interest. Then for each supplement they could determine the overall impact of the dietary supplement intervention on a disease event occurrence. Then with data from the Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality on current costs of particular medical events associated with disease endpoints, they could determine the expected savings from medical interventions still to be realized with increased supplement usage.
[7] Asami DK, et al. Comparison of the total phenolic and ascorbic acid content of freeze-dried and air-dried marionberry, strawberry, and corn grown using conventional, organic, and sustainable agricultural practices. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Feb 26;51(5):1237-41
[8] Cazzola R, et al. Anti-oxidant, anti-glycant, and inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase of selected spices and culinary herbs. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2011 Mar;62(2):175-84.
[9] National Cancer Institute at www.5aday.gov
[10] Ibid
[11] Riccioni G, et al. Novel phytonutrient contributors to antioxidant protection against cardiovascular disease.Nutrition 2012 Jun;28(6):605-10.
[12] National Cancer Institute, www.5aday.gov
[13] Ibid
[14] Riccioni G, et al.  Novel phytonutrient contributors to antioxidant protection against cardiovascular disease.Nutrition. 2012 Jun;28(6):605-10.
[15] National Cancer Institute, www.5aday.gov
[16] Ibid
[17] Ibid
[18] Ibid
[19] Mandel S, Weinreb O, Amit T, Youdim MB. Cell signaling pathways in the neuroprotective actions of the green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate: implications for neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurochem. 2004 Mar;88(6):1555-69.
[20] Wesnes KA, Ward T, McGinty A, Petrini O.The memory enhancing effects of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2000 Nov;152(4):353-61.
[21] Brewer GJ, Torricelli JR, Lindsey AL, Kunz EZ, Neuman A, Fisher DR, Joseph JA. Age-related toxicity of amyloid-beta associated with increased pERK and pCREB in primary hippocampal neurons: reversal by blueberry extract. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Oct;21(10):991-8.
[22] Wang J, Tang C, Ferruzzi MG, et al. Role of standardized grape polyphenol preparation as a novel treatment to improve synaptic plasticity through attenuation of features of metabolic syndrome in a mouse model.  Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013 Aug 21.
[23] Ramassamy C. Emerging role of polyphenolic compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: a review of their intracellular targets. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Sep 1;545(1):51-64.
[24] Peng J, Yuan JP, Wu CF, Wang JH. Fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid present in brown seaweeds and diatoms: metabolism and bioactivities relevant to human health.  Mar Drugs. 2011;9(10):1806-28.
[25] Pangestuti R, Vo TS, Ngo DH, Kim SK. Fucoxanthin Ameliorates Inflammation and Oxidative Reponses in Microglia. J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Apr 12. This study found that fucoxanthin ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation in amyloid-β42 (Aβ42)-induced BV2 microglia cells and thereby may protect neuronal cells from neurotoxic mediators.
[26] Sandoval M, Okuhama NN, Zhang XJ, Condezo LA, Lao J, Angeles’ FM, Musah RA, Bobrowski P, Miller MJ. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of cat’s claw (Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis) are independent of their alkaloid content. Phytomedicine. 2002 May;9(4):325-37.
[27] Mammone T, Akesson C, Gan D, Giampapa V, Pero RW. A water soluble extract from Uncaria tomentosa (Cat’s Claw) is a potent enhancer of DNA repair in primary organ cultures of human skin. Phytother Res. 2006 Mar;20(3):178-83.
[28] Frackowiak T, Baczek T, Roman K, Zbikowska B, Gleńsk M, Fecka I, Cisowski W. Binding of an oxindole alkaloid from Uncaria tomentosa to amyloid protein (Abeta1-40). Z Naturforsch C. 2006 Nov-Dec;61(11-12):821-6.
[29] Vepsäläinen S, Koivisto H, Pekkarinen E, et al. Anthocyanin-enriched bilberry and blackcurrant extracts modulate amyloid precursor protein processing and alleviate behavioral abnormalities in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Nutr Biochem. 2013 Jan;24(1):360-70.
[30] Patyar S, Prakash A, Modi M, Medhi B. Role of vinpocetine in cerebrovascular diseases. Pharmacol Rep. 2011;63(3):618-28.
[31] Valikovics A, Csányi A, Németh L. [Study of the effects of vinpocetin on cognitive functions]. [Article in Hungarian].  Ideggyogy Sz. 2012 Mar 30;65(3-4):115-20.
[32] Mancuso C, Bates TE, Butterfield DA, Calafato S, Cornelius C, De Lorenzo A, Dinkova Kostova AT, Calabrese V. Natural antioxidants in Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Dec;16(12):1921-31.
[33] Gavrilova SI, Kalyn IaB, Kolykhalov IV, Roshchina IF, Selezneva ND.  [Acetyl-L-carnitine (carnicetine) in the treatment of early stages of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia]. [Article in Russian] Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2011;111(9):16-22.
[34] Vakhapova V, Cohen T, Richter Y, Herzog Y, Korczyn AD. Phosphatidylserine containing omega-3 fatty acids may improve memory abilities in non-demented elderly with memory complaints: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2010;29(5):467-74.
[35] Crook TH, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage J, Petrie W, Nunzi MG, Massari DC. Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment. Neurology. 1991 May;41(5):644-9.
[36] Cenacchi T, Bertoldin T, Farina C, Fiori MG, Crepaldi G. Cognitive decline in the elderly: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study on efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration. Aging (Milano). 1993 Apr;5(2):123-33.
[37] Crook T, Petrie W, Wells C, Massari DC. Effects of phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer’s disease.Psychopharmacol Bull. 1992;28(1):61-6.
[38] No reference available
[39] Meador K, Loring D, Nichols M, Zamrini E, Rivner M, Posas H, Thompson E, Moore E. Preliminary findings of high-dose thiamine in dementia of Alzheimer’s type. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1993 Oct-Dec;6(4):222-9.
[40] Mimori Y, Katsuoka H, Nakamura S. Thiamine therapy in Alzheimer’s disease. Metab Brain Dis. 1996 Mar;11(1):89-94.
[41] Annweiler C, Montero-Odasso M, Llewellyn DJ, Richard-Devantoy S, Duque G, Beauchet O. Meta-Analysis of Memory and Executive Dysfunctions in Relation to Vitamin D.  J Alzheimers Dis. 2013 Jan 1;37(1):147-171.
[42] Taghizadeh M, Talaei SA, Djazayeri A, Salami M.Vitamin D supplementation restores suppressed synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer’s disease. Nutr Neurosci. 2013 Jul 23.
[43] McDonald SR, Sohal RS, Forster MJ. Concurrent administration of coenzyme Q10 and alpha-tocopherol improves learning in aged mice. Free Radic Biol Med. 2005 Mar 15;38(6):729-36.
[44] McDonald SR, Sohal RS, Forster MJ. Concurrent administration of coenzyme Q10 and alpha-tocopherol improves learning in aged mice. Free Radic Biol Med. 2005 Mar 15;38(6):729-36.
[45] Dumont M, Kipiani K, Yu F, Wille E, Katz M, Calingasan NY, Gouras GK, Lin MT, Beal MF. Coenzyme Q10 decreases amyloid pathology and improves behavior in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;27(1):211-23.
[46] Demarin V, Podobnik SS, Storga-Tomic D, Kay G. Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with stabilized oral nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: a randomized, double-blind study.  Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2004;30(1):27-33.
[47] Ma Y, Chen H, He X, Nie H, Hong Y, Sheng C, Wang Q, Xia W, Ying W. NAD+ metabolism and NAD(+)-dependent enzymes: promising therapeutic targets for neurological diseases. Curr Drug Targets. 2012 Feb;13(2):222-9.
[48] Zhang H, Jia H, Liu J, Ao N, Yan B, Shen W, Wang X, Li X, Luo C, Liu J. Combined R-alpha-lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine exerts efficient preventative effects in a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease.  J Cell Mol Med.2010 Jan;14(1-2):215-25.
[49] Aliev G, Liu J, Shenk JC, Fischbach K, Pacheco GJ, Chen SG, Obrenovich ME, Ward WF, Richardson AG, Smith MA, Gasimov E, Perry G, Ames BN. Neuronal mitochondrial amelioration by feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid to aged rats. J Cell Mol Med. 2009 Feb;13(2):320-33.
[50] http://www.health-science-spirit.com/parkinsons.html
[51] Miller AL. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a non-toxic, water-soluble treatment for heavy metal toxicity.Altern Med Rev. 1998 Jun;3(3):199-207.
[52] Flora SJ, Mittal M, Mehta A. Heavy metal induced oxidative stress & it’s possible reversal by chelation therapy.Indian J Med Res. 2008 Oct;128(4):501-23.
[53] Rajasankar S, Manivasagam T, Surendran S. Ashwagandha leaf extract: a potential agent in treating oxidative damage and physiological abnormalities seen in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett. 2009 Apr 17;454(1):11-5.
[54] Ahmad M, Saleem S, Ahmad AS, Ansari MA, Yousuf S, Hoda MN, Islam F. Neuroprotective effects of Withania somnifera on 6-hydroxydopamine induced Parkinsonism in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2005 Mar;24(3):137-47.
[55] Prakash J, Yadav SK, Chouhan S, Singh SP. Neuroprotective role of Withania somnifera root extract in maneb-paraquat induced mouse model of parkinsonism. Neurochem Res. 2013 May;38(5):972-80.
[56] Costa J, Lunet N, Santos C, Santos J, Vaz-Carneiro A (2010). “Caffeine exposure and the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies”. J. Alzheimers Dis.. 20 Suppl 1: S221–38
[57] Chaturvedi RK, Shukla S, Seth K, Chauhan S, Sinha C, Shukla Y, Agrawal AK. Neuroprotective and neurorescue effect of black tea extract in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2006 May;22(2):421-34.
[58] Khan MM, Raza SS, Javed H, Ahmad A, Khan A, Islam F, Safhi MM, Islam F. Rutin protects dopaminergic neurons from oxidative stress in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurotox Res. 2012 Jul;22(1):1-15.
[59] Milioli EM, Cologni P, Santos CC, Marcos TD, Yunes VM, Fernandes MS, Schoenfelder T, Costa-Campos L. Effect of acute administration of hydroalcohol extract of Ilex paraguariensis St Hilaire (Aquifoliaceae) in animal models of Parkinson’s disease.  Phytother Res. 2007 Aug;21(8):771-6.
[60] Ibid
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