Graphics: EFFECTIVENESS OF COVID-19 VACCINES

 

‘They’ve fallen prey to misinformation’: How anti-vax concerns are taking hold among Black and Asian women

 Vaani Kaur* from Newcastle, doesn’t want the coronavirus vaccine. Kaur has heard on the grapevine, mainly via Whatsapp forwards and social media, that there are risks to women regarding their future fertility. The information, she says, began spreading in her digital circles in December and now is cited in conversations with family and friends, as well as online.

 Minreet Kaur The Independent   1 February 2012

The 30-year-old is from a Sikh family and says there are “huge pressures” on her to have children, especially boys, making it her priority when considering any decision. “I cannot afford to risk my chances of pregnancy if this vaccine is dangerous for women who want children,” Kaur told The Independent. As a result she does not plan to take the jab.  

The government and NHS say there are no such known risks or danger to fertility, or to pregnancies. But it is currently not vaccinating pregnant women because there have not yet been specific clinical trials on them. The World Health Organisation (WHO) also warned against pregnant women having the Moderna vaccine, again because of lack of data (trials are pegged to start after the first quarter of 2021) not because they anticipate problems. It is usual practice not to recommend until clinical data is available.

The evidence that is available, from the Pfizer vaccine, was reviewed by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and separately by WHO, and regulatory bodies in the USA, Canada and Europe, and has raised no concerns about safety in pregnancy.

On 27 January, Professor Jonathan Van Tam, deputy chief medical officer, told Channel 4 News that the coronavirus vaccine having an impact on fertility was an “unfounded rumour” and there was no basis he knew of in vaccine evidence. The Royal College of Midwives and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) issued a joint statement to confirm there is “no evidence to suggest that Covid-19 vaccines will affect fertility” and that such claims were “speculative” and “not based on data”. But the message isn’t filtering down.  

The fake news and myths have caused tremendous doubt and fear in my mind

Like Kaur, Deana Uppal, 31, from London also says she doesn’t feel enough testing has been done to feel safe taking the jab. “I need reassurance from the government that the vaccine is safe and can in no way affect future fertility,” she says. “The fake news and myths haven’t helped and have caused tremendous doubt and fear in my mind.”

All three vaccines – Pfizer, Oxford, and Moderna – that are available as part of the NHS rollout have been extensively tested (the Pfizer trial included over 43,000 people, 24,000 for Oxford and 30,000 for Moderna). The Vaccine Knowledge Project also shared the extensive steps, and number of official bodies, that vaccines have to go through in order to be rolled out. It has also provided an explanation for the historically unprecedented speed of this vaccine: money, pre-existing technology, high numbers of volunteers and collective interest (experts have said that in other trials there are often long waits or periods “of nothing” between trials, time spent applying for grants or working with manufacturers).  

Despite this explanation and evidence of the vaccine’s safety, almost one-fifth (19 per cent) of Black and Asian people polled by the 1928 Institute – a think tank led by academics from the University of Oxford – said they were unsure about taking a vaccine, or would decline it. Other polling by the Royal Society of Public Health found BAME groups are less likely to want the vaccine than white counterparts. More than 76 per cent of the population as a whole would take the jab, but this drops to 57 per cent in minority ethnic communities. And just 55 per cent in Asian respondents. British Indians are the largest ethnic minority group in the UK.  

And this is now playing out in real time. A study released on 28 January, from Oxford University and the London School of Hygiene found black people over the age of 80 were half as likely as their white peers to have been vaccinated against Covid by 13 January. This is despite being four times more likely to die from Covid-19 than their white peers. The problem could be even worse in some areas: a study by the Mile End Institute at Queen Mary University found only 39 per cent of ethnic minority Londoners were likely to take the jab. 

Some say they are concerned that the jab is not vegetarian or halal, and some would rather it went to someone in more need, according to the 1928 Institute. But we also cannot ignore the long history of medical racism that has built a climate of distrust in these communities. NHS doctor Dr Ranj Singh explains: “One reason for not taking the vaccine is because of how BAME people have been treated in the past.”  

Modern examples of this include black women being four times more likely to die in childbirth than white women. And black men are 40 per cent more likely to access mental health treatment through the police or criminal justice route, with white people twice as likely to be given mental health treatment. Kiran Kaur Manku, research fellow in global health at the University of Oxford, told The Independent: “Often, [people] feel as though their symptoms aren’t taken seriously, and so they need to exaggerate and self-advocate. One [person] mentioned [their] Lupus went undiagnosed for a long time as their symptoms did not manifest as written in textbooks.” 

It is this legacy of poor treatment, as well as modern healthcare discrimination, that makes BAME people hesitant around new medical offers, says Dr Winston Morgan, an academic from the University of East London. “For the black community in particular, when the vaccine was first proposed, hesitancy was primarily based on genuine reservations triggered not just by knowledge of historical events, but by people’s current experiences with medical and health services around poor treatment,” he says. “If you remember, there were lots of suggestions that BAME groups should be the first to get this new vaccine and that is worrying as these groups tended to be at the bottom of the list for medical treatment and outcomes.”

Dr Nikita Ved, cofounder of the 1928 Institute and research fellow at Oxford University, says that it isn’t just the past that is clouding some people’s judgement – they are also dealing with modern misinformation, spread rapidly via technology. She says: “This [reluctance] is partly because of a flurry of misinformation being spread. The community has been specifically targeted through social media, texts and WhatsApp.

“The community has been specifically targeted through social media, texts and WhatsApp”

Dr Nikita Ved

“It seems that the Indian/South Asian population have been really falling prey to [misinformation] through things like WhatsApp forwards. And a lot of it seems to be directed at fertility, which is, I think, very interesting because there is no evidence to suggest that the vaccine causes fertility issues. There’s nothing to say that at all. This has not been proven. And so, it’s just preying on people’s fears and insecurities because of course, again, not just within the Indian community but across many communities, infertility is still somewhat stigmatised.”

Jade Ria Talsania, 27, from Watford is also scared of taking the vaccine. “We do not know what is in the vaccine and what it may do to our bodies,” she said. “It scares the life out of me. I’m petrified of what it could do to my body. Will it stop me from having children in the future?” 

The World Health Organisation (WHO) explains the vaccine “[works] by training and preparing the body’s natural defences – the immune system – to recognise and fight off the viruses and bacteria they target. If the body is exposed to those disease-causing germs later, the body is ready to destroy them, preventing illness”. The only side-effects one can expect of the vaccine are a heavy arm, feeling tired and achey. The vaccine is safe even if you have immune system problems and you cannot catch coronavirus from the vaccine. 

Talsania did emphasise that she finds it harder to trust the government because of other areas of coronavirus policy. “It’s hard to trust the government completely. They haven’t shut down borders, they created Eat Out To Help Out, it’s a shambles,” she says. Professor Sophie Harman, Professor of International Politics and Global Health Expert at Queen Mary University of London, said: “Vaccine hesitancy can be influenced by a whole range of factors. Where someone gets their news sources, trust in government or authority, discrimination in society and the health sector, and historical legacies of medical science.”

“I’m petrified of what it could do to my body”

Jade Ria Talsania, 27

In a bid to address this issue, Dr Ved says there needs to be a public health campaign to dispel the myths, particularly misinformation around pregnancy and fertility. This would include messaging in different languages and co-produced with community leaders. Some celebrities, including Adil Ray, Meera Syal, Ranvir Singh, comedian Romesh Ranganathan, Sadiq Khan and others  teamed up on a public health video they called: “If you could save someone’s life”.

Of course there are people who are happy to get the vaccine. Ola Odu, 23, from Bedfordshire, recently lost her uncle to Covid-19. “I can’t wait! It’s so important that we all get this vaccine as soon as possible,” she said. “I’ve seen the strain it’s had on my loved ones who work in healthcare and have sadly lost family members to Covid. The benefits far outweigh the risks.”

And 80-year-old Gurdial Singh Sadra from Redbridge already had his vaccination in December.  “I had the Pfizer vaccine last month and wasn’t worried about having it,” the 80-year-old said. “People should take the vaccine as it’s there to protect us and save lives.”

Ultimately the experts believe that getting this right is all about the messaging to these vulnerable communities. Dr Morgan is optimistic that the tide could be turned with a proactive effort to do so: “I still believe that if we get the messaging right and get the right people to deliver it, then the vast majority will say yes.”

Minister for Covid vaccine deployment Nadhim Zahawi said that in a bid to combat misinformation the NHS is “working closely” with these communities. “To support those receiving a vaccine and help anyone who may have questions about the vaccination process.” As part of this they are engaging faith and community leaders to give them advice and information about the universal benefits of vaccination.

It is clear that the lower number of people in these communities wanting to get the coronavirus vaccine should be a cause for public health concern, not only as it leaves people unprotected but fails to address the existing evidence that black and Asian minority ethnic people are dying in higher numbers. But with a legacy of medical racism and lack of effective public health messaging reaching out to rebuke myths and misinformation, it is an uphill battle, and any successes might come too late.

*Some names have been changed

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BBC: Britain raises order to 100 million Valneva COVID-19 vaccine doses

 (Reuters) - The British government has ordered 40 million further doses of Valneva's COVID-19 vaccine candidate for 2022, bringing its total orders to 100 million, the French drugmaker said on Monday.

REUTERS

1 February 2021

© Reuters/DADO RUVIC FILE PHOTO: A woman holds a medical syringe and a small bottle labelled "Coronavirus COVID-19 Vaccine

Britain could still order a further 90 million doses between 2023 and 2025, the company said.

The firm, which expects a read-out of its Phase I/II clinical trial within three months, said it had already started commercial production in Scotland.

The Scottish site is ready to supply the vaccine as soon as it is proven to be safe, and effective and has been approved by the British healthcare watchdog, the interim chair of government's vaccines taskforce, Clive Dix, said in a statement.

"The further 40 million doses secured through today’s deal significantly bolsters our portfolio and gives us future flexibility should we need to revaccinate any of the UK population," Dix added.

Britain's trade minister said on Sunday she was confident the country's vaccination programme was secure following a row with the European Union about vaccine supplies after receiving guarantees from Brussels.

Valneva hopes its COVID-19 vaccine can start to be used in Britain between July and September, its chief executive was quoted as saying in January.

(Reporting by Sarah Morland in Gdansk; Editing by Himani Sarkar and Gareth Jones)

https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/britain-raises-order-to-100-million-valneva-covid-19-vaccine-doses/ar-BB1dh8Vt

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Government orders an extra 40m doses of Valneva vaccine

The Government has ordered an extra 40 million doses of the Valneva Covid-19 vaccine which is being manufactured in Scotland.

https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/government-orders-an-extra-40m-doses-of-valneva-vaccine/ar-BB1dh3ma#image=1

 

By Jane Kirby, PA Health Editor

1 February 2021

The move means 100 million doses of Valneva have now been put on order, enough for every adult in the UK, with the latest batch earmarked for delivery in 2022.

The Government has also retained options over a further 90 million doses for supply between 2023 and 2025.

© Provided by PA Media (PA Graphics)

Valneva said the total value of the entire order was up to 1.4 billion euro (£1.24 billion).

The vaccine is still in clinical trials, with the early-stage phase 1/2 study expected to read out within the next three months.

The jab is expected to be given as two doses and is being made at a site in West Lothian, with the Government saying the new deal “will bolster long-term vaccine production in Scotland”.

Business Secretary Kwasi Kwarteng, said: “This latest deal is yet another weapon in our national arsenal against this terrible disease, and will ensure we have sufficient supplies to protect the British public in 2021 and beyond.

“Backed with major investment from the UK Government, Valneva’s site in Scotland will be a vaccine production powerhouse, working flat out to ensure we can quickly deploy jabs across the UK if their candidate is approved, while supporting top quality, local jobs.

“Thanks to our incredible UK Vaccine Taskforce, we have now secured a bumper portfolio of over 400 million vaccines, putting our country in an exceptionally strong position to defeat this virus once and for all.”

Vaccines Minister Nadhim Zahawi said: “If approved, Valneva’s vaccine will not only help tackle Covid-19 here in the UK, but aid our mission to ensure there is a fair supply of vaccines across the globe.

“No-one is safe till the whole world is safe.”

Health Secretary Matt Hancock said: “The Valneva vaccine showcases the best of Scottish expertise right at the heart of our UK vaccine endeavour, demonstrating the strength of our union and what the UK can achieve when it works together.

“If the vaccine is authorised by the health regulator, it will be rolled out across the four nations as quickly as possible.”

If it is approved, 60 million doses could start to be delivered to the UK by the second half of 2021.

On Sunday, International Trade Secretary Liz Truss said it is “too early” to determine when the UK will send vaccines abroad.

She said that “we first need to make sure that our population is vaccinated” but insisted it would be damaging to become a “vaccinated island” while other countries go without.

“It’s a bit too early to say about how we would deploy ‘XX’ vaccine, but we certainly want to work with friends and neighbours, we want to work with developing countries because we’re only going to solve this issue once everybody in the world is vaccinated,” Ms Truss told Sky’s Sophy Ridge On Sunday.

https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/government-orders-an-extra-40m-doses-of-valneva-vaccine/ar-BB1dh3ma#image=1