Pages

Showing posts with label Composting. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Composting. Show all posts

Wednesday, 21 September 2016

How to Improve Soil Health and Boost Yield With Ocean Minerals

Spray This on Garden Vegetables to Supercharge Their Nutrient Density


The fruit and vegetables you grown can only be as nutritious as the soil you grow them in. Absorbed into the plant's leaves, these minerals enter the organelles and the chloroplast, providing the nutrients the plant needs to produce its fruit, and to keep the plant alive and pests away. Help make your food more medicinally useful.

September 18, 2016 


Story at-a-glance

  • Conventional, chemical-heavy farming practices deplete the soil of minerals, thereby decimating soil microorganisms that are critical for optimal plant growth, yield and natural pest control
  • To receive the same amount of iron you used to get from one apple in 1950, by 1998 you had to eat 26 apples; today you have to eat 36
  • Ionic mineral extractions from ocean water can be used to very effectively remineralize and regenerate damaged soils, thereby increasing the nutrition of foods grown in it



By Dr. Mercola
Wouldn't it be nice if there were a simple supplement you could use to radically improve the quality and health of the plants you're growing in your garden, while simultaneously increasing their nutrient density?
The good news is there is! Science researcher August Dunning, chief science officer and co-owner of Eco Organics, has developed a really fantastic product called Ionic Ocean Minerals.
Dunning also works as a visiting associate professor at California Institute of Technology (Caltech), where he received his training in chemistry and physics.
His previous work history includes working for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on the International Space Station program as system engineer. After that, he studied elemental particle physics and molecular physics at the University of Chicago, before ultimately starting Eco Organics.
I've been using his Ionic Ocean Minerals in my own garden for a few years now, and I've been spectacularly impressed with the ability of these minerals — which are typically applied as a foliar spray once a week — to radically improve the health and quality of my plants.

Ocean Minerals Help Grow Your Soil

The ocean contains nearly all of the ionic minerals of the periodic table of elements. Dunning developed a process to extract these minerals from seawater without getting any of the salt.
Their minerals are in a highly absorbable ionic form and the separation process removes nearly all the salt from the ocean water. Salt buildup in the soil will kill live organisms and is not healthy for the plants, so you definitely do not want any salt in the mixture.
"The idea here was to take the work of Maynard Murray, who was a Navy doctor and scientist and who was putting ocean salts on the earth, but diluting it to prevent the salt problem, to get great yield.
We figured how to get the salt out of it, so we can concentrate the minerals,"Dunning explains. "What we found is that this particular group of elements has a very profound effect on the microorganism health underneath the soil.
If you look at the ingredient list on our product, you'll see micrograms (mcg) of[these minerals], so it can't be used as a huge soil ingredient for the growth of the plants; it has to be doing something else.
We are now confident, based on our studies and based on our research, that what we're doing is we're increasing the life of the soil itself, much like Deborah Koons-Garcia is talking about in "Symphony of the Soil," where you're just growing the soil.
That's the interface between geology and biology. By doing this, it allows the microorganisms to be [like] hundreds of trillions of little workers providing the microelements, ionic microelements off the rock surfaces."

Healthy Soil Makes for Healthy Food

If the soil is healthy, the plants grown in it will be healthy too. The increased nutrient content may even make the food more medicinally useful.
"I can tell you firsthand the difference," he says. "[The difference] between my trip to Vietnam and my trip to Nicaragua was dramatic. I came down with a light dysentery in Vietnam. It was terrible. I took charcoal … It wiped it out a little bit.
I went to Nicaragua four days after I got back from there, and in two days of eating their food and living in the environment down there, I was fixed. There's a big difference between a toxic environment and a pristine environment. I see it firsthand now."
Dunning's Ionic Ocean Minerals essentially provide the substrates required for soil organisms to grow and mature, allowing them to optimize the proper populations. We have recently come to appreciate that the biology of the soil is crucial.
It's not just about adding minerals, because there's still a large percentage of farmers and gardeners who will do soil analysis and then supplement the soil with minerals based on a kind of individualized prescription. That's certainly better than nothing, but it's not the same process that we're talking about here.
Those mineral supplements are frequently provided as salts, and if taken at too high concentration can do more harm than good by decimating soil microbes. There are a number of ionic ocean minerals on the market. I've tried a few of them and actually killed some of my citrus when using them.
While they claim to have removed all the sodium, clearly they did not. Dunning's product has never caused any problems in my garden. It has only produced beneficial results, which is why I like to promote it.

How the Minerals Are Extracted

To extract the ocean minerals from the water, Dunning uses a process that involves vortexing that has a potent influence on the structure of the water. It also helps separate the minerals from the sodium. Dunning explains:
"We've taken the work of Viktor Schauberger, a Nazi scientist who did a lot [of work] in vortex behavioral water molecules and the fact that they create great amounts of charge. In fact, magneto-dynamic charges.
We developed a device [through which the seawater is run]. We get molecular mixing. You can actually tune it with a magnetic field to separate the different elements out. You have positive and negative ions and cations and anions. You just basically cycle the thing until you get what you want out and reject what you don't want."
They also use an advanced solar distillery along with a dehydrator that rapidly extracts the distilled water, leaving perfectly square salt crystals of chlorine and sodium behind. In this way, the sodium and chlorine are easily separated and removed.
Dunning has performed technical and analytical chemistry tests on many other ionic mineral products, and many still contain enormous amounts of sodium, unbalanced amounts of boron and other chemical problems, caused by inefficient or flawed extraction processes.
"What we've done is we've produced something that pretty much matches what a periodic table provides for nature," Dunning says. "Our process is unique. Our process removes the salt. The sodium and the chlorine content is dramatically down.
The salt [is] the positive and negative ions. Some of these cations and anions actually will form what's technically called a salt. But when we talk about salt in ocean water, we're talking about sodium chloride. We take that out and that makes sure microorganisms aren't damaged by the sodium chloride."

Remineralizing Soil Is Critical for Healthy Plant Growth

One of the reasons Ionic Ocean Minerals is such a superior product is because it contains all the minerals in the periodic table. They're present at very low concentrations — far lower than mcg amounts in most cases. But even though they're in minute amounts, they can do a great deal of good. If any specific mineral is entirely missing, microbes may in one way or another be hindered in their function. Dunning explains:
"[The minerals] act as pseudoenzymatic substrates. In other words, when the microorganisms make these biological byproducts, these actually attach to the rocks, attach to the ions, which are then modified by the ion and then move on to another metabolic process as long as you got clay.
That's what Albrecht found out. If you got 50 percent clay in your soil, you have the cationic exchange capacity to hold onto things like calcium … Really, my whole thrust has been in rocket science and nano-propellant chemistry, and somehow that transitioned to agricultural chemistry …
We have this situation where we have a very decreased amount of calcium in the soil … But what Albrecht found was a 7:1 ratio of calcium-magnesium. You'll see this in the dirt. If your dirt is … sticking to your boots [and is] really thick, and your plants aren't growing, it's because your magnesium is too high.
Magnesium tends to gather soil together and bind it up real closely. It doesn't allow oxygen to get to the roots, and the roots need oxygen to bring up the aerobic bacteria. When you see that mud stick to your boots and you almost can't shake it off, that's magnesium-dominant decomposition — that causes formaldehyde and alcohol to be released [anaerobic fermentation], and that's what attracts the bugs."

The Importance of Calcium

In a situation such as this, you need to bring calcium back into the soil. Gypsum is an excellent choice, as many soils are also sulfur deficient, and gypsum is calcium sulfate. You could use limestone, but since it has a 1:1 ratio of calcium and magnesium, you're still not correcting the calcium balance. Once you have an appropriate calcium to magnesium balance, then adding ionic ocean minerals will allow the soil to regenerate by regrowing the microorganisms in the soil.
The ionic minerals also boost plant health by providing all the micronutrients that are missing. For example, calcium attaches to manganese and water molecules, allowing water to be brought up to the plant, and boron modifies the ability of calcium to be brought up into the plant. In essence, plant health is very dependent on having all of these ionic elements present.
"The ocean ionic elements are perfect for this, which is why the product works," Dunning says. "You got to get your soil checked and make sure you've got calcium-magnesium ratio that's measurable and modify it to that. You get these ionic elements in from the ocean. It regrows your microorganisms.
One of the things we found out is when you start taking ionic elements out of the ground as food and out of the ground as plant matter, you end up depleting the sub soil amount of ionic elements that the microorganisms need to stay alive. Everything with a DNA needs [minerals] … When you rebuild the microorganism population, they start doing all the work subsoil. In effect, we call ourselves crop farmers, but really we're soil farmers."

Remineralization Cuts Need for Pesticides

Vietnamese farmers around the Mekong Delta have been using the ionic ocean minerals for the past year and a half. As a result, they've managed to wean themselves off pesticides. This is yet another beneficial side effect of having healthy soils and plants. Once you provide the organisms in the soil with what they need, they in turn help the plant activate its natural defense mechanisms in the presence of pests.
It's very similar to the human body; when you're eating healthy, getting plenty of rest, sunshine and sleep, you're able to resist most infections. I have about a dozen mango trees on my property, and as soon as a pest starts chewing on a leaf or two, the plant seemingly "wakes up" and produces the appropriate chemicals to dissuade the pest from doing further damage.
This is really the perfect pesticide, and it's all-natural and already built into the plant's self-defense mechanisms. The reason why conventional farmers struggle with pests is because the soil is so barren the plants do not have the appropriate microbial support to activate these natural defenses.
"You've got to remember what soil is," Dunning says. "It's the same as what's going on in your gut. You and I are very big on the microbiome inside the human beings. Because those organisms — if they're healthy and happy — their balance will produce all the stuff you need to stay healthy. Your health is based on your gut.
Similarly, soil health is based on what's in the soil … By doing it correctly like this, you [nourish] these microorganisms. It's like giving them all the vitamins they need. That's the thing.
These things are alive in the soil to keep the soil alive to produce the things that plants need for their nutrients … [These microorganisms] are the workers you want. You don't want to go out there with a thousand people with shovels; you want … 10 trillion microorganisms doing the work for you, day and night. That's what's this stuff does."

Remineralization Extends Fruit Durability

As a foliar spray, the minerals are absorbed right into the leaf; into the organelles and the chloroplast, providing the nutrients the plant needs to make the phytocompounds that go into the fruit, and the nutrients necessary to keep the plant alive and generate repellant chemicals that ward off pests.
Interestingly, once you have the proper mineral balance in your soil, you also end up optimizing fruit durability. Soil, animal and food scientist Carey Reams1 discovered that if your soil minerals are correct, your food will only dehydrate; it will not rot. This really challenges the alleged "need" for processed foods filled with preservatives. It's possible that if our soils were brought back to optimal health, our fresh food may last much longer without added preservation methods. It's certainly an intriguing possibility.

Invest in Soil Analysis for Your Garden

If you have a garden, it would be a wise investment to spend $20 on a soil analysis to get a full understanding of what's going on in your soil. If your fruit rots or if you have an insect problem, you likely need to add some gypsum to raise the calcium content of your soil. You also likely need sulfur, which the gypsum will provide.
If you have a sandy soil, you would likely benefit from limestone as well, because sandy soils need magnesium. To that, you can then add gypsum to improve the calcium ratio.
"Soil is actually a matrix of all kinds of different aggregate parts and so forth. But for the most part, for the backyard gardener, most of the soil is pretty much the same if you just adjust the calcium and make sure you've got the sulfur in there. You [add]the potash and phosphates, and you've got what you need."
Adding the ionic minerals on top of that will then do most of the work for you to help you rebuild the soil.
"Nature's minerals give you everything on [the] periodic table, but most fertilizers only give you five or six micronutrient elements plus the N, P and the K. It doesn't really stack up well in nature. But when you look at our [ionic minerals], you have 62 to 65 elements compared to nature's 118 or so. You end up with a very nice replenishment of what's being taken out by weathering and plants and so forth, [and] you want to fix the problem."

Nicaragua Goes Organic

In addition to bringing it to Vietnam, Dunning has brought his Ionic Ocean Minerals to Nicaragua, as President Ortega's son, Laureano, wants to convert the entire country to organic farming.
"That's a great situation. They've given me a research center outside of Nicaragua where I can do all the plant tests on these different types of plants. They're growing these [non-GMO] Hawaiian papayas there — they're fantastic. This non-GMO organic research station is already getting some press. People are taking notice. We're going to bring microorganism growth in there. They're going to be really happy. I left them a great big container of [ionic minerals] down there," Dunning says.
Nicaragua has a high incidence of liver and kidney disease at the sugarcane farms, which is likely due to heavy pesticide exposure.
"There are only two things [that cause disease]: toxicity or deficiency. You fix these thing and [your health problem] is almost fixed," Dunning says. "The two elements needed in the two detoxification pathways in the liver are calcium and sulfur. Calcium for your glutathione and sulfur for your other activities. If those are deficient in the soil, in the food — which they are — you're going to have liver diseases occurring, which we do. That's why I'm promoting gypsum."

The Vanishing Mineral Content in Food 

Mineral-depleted soils produce mineral-depleted fruits and vegetables. Just how depleted have our soils gotten since the introduction of mechanized and chemical farming in the 1930s? Dunning's research shows that iron content in apples has gone down from 4.3 milligrams (mg) per apple in 1950 to 0.18 mg in 1998, to 0.12 mg today.
You now need to eat 36 apples to get the iron content you used to get from a single apple a mere 55 years ago. Just imagine where we'll be another decade or two from now if we don't make soil regeneration a focus of farming.
"When I did an analysis of the calcium content in vegetables, it has gone down dramatically: 25, 35, 50 percent in some vegetables. Again, this is because you're changing the subsoil chemistry, which [decimates] the microorganisms. [You also get] a reduction in yield; because the organisms aren't making the minerals, the plants aren't growing well," Dunning says.

Soil Regeneration Is a Global Priority for Food Security

Modern farming methods, which are heavily mechanized and rely on synthetic chemicals, take a heavy toll on the soil and the critical microorganisms that live in it and provide nutrient transport for the plants. By altering the chemical composition of the soil, we're endangering our ability to grow food at all. Unless we change our ways, our farmlands will cease to produce. 
When too much calcium is extracted, magnesium becomes dominant, resulting in clay. It also changes the ratio of anaerobic to aerobic bacteria, which produces toxic gasses that attract pests. The good news is we already understand how to turn the situation around. Dunning is but one of many pioneers showing us how to regenerate soil and produce healthier more nutritious food. I've featured many others in this newsletter in the past, and will continue to do so in the future.
Because I am passionate about regenerative agriculture and these ionic ocean minerals work so well, we actually carry them in our store. Acres USA is another great resource where you can find a lot of information about the minerals needed for optimal soil health.
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2016/09/18/ocean-minerals-soil-health.aspx

Wednesday, 1 June 2016

The Urgent Need to Compost

Applying Compost


Story at-a-glance
  • A single one-half inch dusting of compost on rangeland can boost the soil’s carbon storage for at least 30 years
  • Applying compost also leads to increased plant productivity, soil carbon sequestration and reduced need for commercial feeds
  • Composting can be done on virtually any scale; even if you live in an urban environment, you can turn yard waste, food scraps and more into valuable compost



This post is on Healthwise

May 24, 2016 


By Dr. Mercola
Simple solutions are often the most powerful, and this certainly applies to compost. While many cities in the U.S. offer residents garbage and recycling pickup, in Marin County, California, residents are also offered green carts in which to collect yard waste, food scraps and other "green" waste to be composted.
The green waste is picked up once a week, just like trash, but instead of being sent to take up space in a landfill, the green waste is ground up into small pieces and taken to a certified organic compost facility. There, it's converted into a rich, organic soil amendment.

What's so Great About Compost?

Research conducted by University of California Berkeley bio-geochemist Whendee Silver, Ph.D. found a single one-half-inch dusting of compost on rangeland can boost the soil's carbon storage for at least 30 years.
"For a lot of people, this sounds a little fantastic," Silver told SFGate, "[but] there's nothing magic about it." She continued:1
" … [W]e've been bleeding [carbon] … into the atmosphere for many, many years through plowing, overgrazing and poor agricultural practices … So anything we can do to get some of that carbon back into the soil is going to be beneficial."
It's estimated that one-third of the surplus carbon dioxide in the atmosphere stems from poor land management processes that contribute to the loss of carbon, such as carbon dioxide, from farmlands.2
Carbon farming is a simple premise that involves using agricultural methods that can naturally trap carbon dioxide in the ground (for decades, centuries or more), while also absorbing it from the air.
The process, known as "carbon sequestration," could help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions while regenerating the soil and more. Composting green waste, and then spreading it over grazing lands, is one powerful tool toward this end. According to SFGate:3
"The research showed that if compost from green waste — everything from household food scraps to dairy manure — were applied over just 5 percent of the state's grazing lands, the soil could capture a year's worth of greenhouse gas emissions from California's farm and forestry industries.
The effect is cumulative, meaning the soil keeps absorbing carbon dioxide even after just one application of compost, the researchers found.
In theory, Silver calculates, if compost made from the state's green waste were applied to a quarter of the state's rangeland, the soil could absorb three-quarters of California's greenhouse gas emissions for one year, due in large part to the one-time offset from waste diversion."

Improve Soil Fertility, Boost Plant Growth, Capture Carbon and More

Compost happens with or without the help of humankind — it's happening right now on forest floors, in farmers' fields, and in your yard. But oftentimes it's a slow process and you can speed it up using the right combination of water, oxygen, heat, and organic material.
When communities work together to compost their green waste, the end result is a healthy soil amendment that leads to priceless rewards. Many American diets are now based on foods grown in mineral-depleted, unhealthy soils.
This is certainly the case with genetically engineered (GE) processed foods and meat and dairy products from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs).
One of the more insidious aspects of the industrial food system is that, as soil becomes sicker and less able to perform its functions, farmers become increasingly dependent on the chemical technology industry — they become trapped.
The use of glyphosate (the active ingredient in Roundup herbicide) begins a downward spiral, making it necessary for farmers to use more and more herbicides, pesticides, and synthetic fertilizers that kill soil microbes — especially if they're using GE seeds.
Plants' natural symbiotic relationship with soil microorganisms is disrupted by the use of synthetic fertilizer. The use of synthetic fertilizers results in higher yields and bigger produce that is less nutrient-dense.
The mineral content of fruits and vegetables has declined by 5 percent to 40 percent over the last five to seven decades.4,5 Compost, on the other hand, works with the soil to boost its health naturally, resulting in multiple benefits. As reported by SF Gate:6
" … [A]pplying compost is a simple way of creating what scientists call a positive feedback loop. Plants pull carbon dioxide from the air through photosynthesis and transfer a portion of the carbon to the soil through their roots.
Soil microorganisms then turn the carbon into a stable form commonly known as humus. This not only sequesters the carbon but improves the soil's fertility, boosting plant growth and capturing more carbon while also improving the soil's ability to absorb and retain water."

Applying Compost to Grasslands Increases Carbon Sequestration

In 2013, the Marin County, California research was published in the journal Ecosystems.7 It looked into the effect of applying soil amendments such as compost to grasslands. Grasslands cover 25 percent of the Earth's land surface and have significant potential for carbon sequestration.
Using a field-scale model to test several case studies on California grasslands, the researchers found applying manure slurries led to greenhouse gas emissions from the soil. However, applying composted manure and plant waste led to large offsets that exceeded emissions.
Other benefits, including increased plant productivity, soil carbon sequestration and reduced need for commercial feeds, were also seen. If it can be done in California, it can be done elsewhere as well, with potentially radical benefits to the environment. The researchers concluded:
" … [C]ompost application to grasslands is likely to lead to net greenhouse gas offsets across a broad range of potential environmental and management conditions.
We conclude that applications of composted organic matter to grasslands can contribute to … (carbon erosion) mitigation while sustaining productive lands and reducing waste loads."

Subterranean Landfill Fires Show Why Current Systems Are Failing

Organic waste is the second highest component of American landfills. So one of the major benefits of composting that waste, instead of sending it out with the trash would be a significant reduction in needed landfill space.
There are more than 3,000 active landfills, and 10,000 old landfills, in the U.S.8 While the number of landfills in the U.S. has been decreasing in recent decades, they have, individually, been increasing in size.
Along with being a major source of methane emissions, landfills produce "leachate," a toxic fluid composed of pollutants like benzene, pesticides, heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and more, which come from the compressed trash.
Although landfills are technically supposed to keep garbage dry and are lined to prevent leachate from contaminating nearby soil and groundwater, the landfill liners are virtually guaranteed to degrade, tear, or crack eventually, allowing the toxins to escape directly into the environment.
Another little-known risk is the creation of subterranean smolders, which are basically flameless fires that occur deep beneath the surface.
Sometimes called "hot spots" or "subsurface reactions," these smolders are the result of a heat-producing chemical reaction (although the specifics of what elements and conditions are necessary to trigger one remain a mystery).

Landfill Hot Spot Could Heat Up Radioactive Waste

The smolders are incredibly difficult, if not virtually impossible, to put out, requiring some combination of extreme amounts of water, dirt applications or quarantining the area so it effectively runs out of fuel. The high-temperature smolders pose risks to people living near and working in landfills.
They damage the plastic liners and pipes and allow leachate to seep into groundwater. The leachate also becomes more difficult to treat due to the chemical reaction and the higher temperatures result in the release of even more dangerous gases into the air.
Further, at The Bridgeton Landfill, which is about 20 miles from St. Louis, Missouri, a currently burning smolder is only about 1,200 feet away from thousands of tons of radioactive barium sulfate, which is a byproduct of uranium processing. If the radioactive waste gets hot, it could release cancer-causing radon gas into the surrounding communities.9

You Can Try Composting in Your Backyard

When you apply compost and add carbon back into the soil, the carbon feeds mycorrhizal fungi that eventually produce glomalin, which may be even better than humic acid at retaining water. This means you naturally limit your irrigation needs and make your garden or fields more resilient during droughts.
The USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has become very committed to understanding and teaching about natural soil health and regenerative agriculture. The NRCS website is an excellent resource for anyone interested in learning more about soil health, including farmers wanting to change their system.
On an individual level, you can get involved by growing some of your own food and applying compost to your vegetable and flower gardens. Composting can be done on virtually any scale. If you live in a city or suburb, there are many small systems available. The principles of composting — finding the balance between carbon, nitrogen, water and air — remain the same.
Even if you live in an urban environment, you can still compost. People living in urban areas actually have a great opportunity to build networks to tap available resources of potential composting materials that will otherwise end up in a landfill. There's plenty of waste out there. For example, you could ask your local coffee shop for their coffee grounds, or ask a juice bar for their spent pulp.
You can also turn to your neighbors, who may or may not be interested in composting themselves but have plenty of food scraps, leaves and cardboard. If you want to give it a try, check out my interview with New York City native Rebecca Louie, below. She's the author of "Compost City: Practical Composting Know-How for Small-Space Living," and in the video she reveals how to create compost in even the smallest of spaces.



Source:  http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2016/05/24/applying-compost.aspx?

This post is on Healthwise